Veterinary Science Refresher -1

Veterinary Science Refresher -1

• Bacterial disease in which Pasteur’s vaccine used- Anthrax
• ‘Para anthrax’ in pigs caused by- Cl. septicum
• Foot rot in sheep is caused by – Bacterioides nodosus
• Duck Plague is the synonym for –Duck Viral Enteritis
• The indistinct margins of a radiograph due to a large focal spot of X-ray beam -penumbra.
• The optimum temperature of developing and fixing solutions in radiography is -68F
• Avian influenza virus has 8 gene segments
• M. leprae can be cultivated in vivo only in- Armadillo
• State of unresponsiveness towards an antigen is – Anergy
• The cholinergic drug that cannot be hydrolyzed by AchE is -carbachol
• The penetrating power of X-ray beam depends on – kvp
• Anaesthesia produced by combination of drugs is termed as-Balanced anaesthesia
• Antigen-Antibody complexes present in dentrites of Dentritic cells- Iccosomes
• BCG is an attenuated form of – Mycobacterium bovis
• Vitamin C is used as an antidote to —Nitrate—–poisoning
• Oseltamivir is the drug of choice against- Bird flu in humans
• The species of animal in which Ivermectin crosses the BBB- Equines
• The only anaesthetic agent known to be carcinogenic- fluoroxene
• The drugs contraindicated in parakeets & cats respectively are- procaine & morphine
• The species most sensitive to the ill-effects of xylazine – cattle
• A pantropic virus that commonly affects Canines- Canine distemper virus
• Symplasma stage in submucosa is seen in- Johne’s Disease
• 
  
• Oestrogenic mycotoxin causing reproductive disorders in swine is- Zearalenone
• ‘Blue eye’ or Rubarth’s Disease is the synonym for- Infectious Canine Hepatitis
• Which is the most potent opiate analgesic? carfentanil
• Name a benzodiazepine antagonist- flumazenil
• Ketamine is contraindicated in head injuries as it reduces -Intra cranial pressure
• The subtype of Avian flu virus causing human casualties around the world- H5N1
• Mad cow disease is caused by- Prions
• Cold enrichment procedure is done for the isolation of – Listeria
• ‘J’ chain is present in immunoglobulins- IgA and IgM
• In the body, Chloral hydrate is converted to – tricholoroethanol
• Name one anaesthetic agent which is steroid in nature- Althesin
• Dose of Anthrax vaccine- 1ml s/c
• Anaphylatoxins are- C3a and C5a
• The specific antidote of Morphine is- Nalorphine
• Dunkop (pulmonary) and Dikkop (cardiac) are two forms of – African Horse Sickness
• ‘Wire loop’ lesions in the glomerular basement membrane seen in- SLE
• The drug used to stabilize mast cells- Cromolyn sodium
• Hyaluronidase– enzyme used with local anaesthetics to promote its diffusion and absorption
• Milbemycin oxime is obtained from-Streptomyces hygroscopicus
• Name a suture material that glows in darkness easy to handle in poor light- Flurofil
• Cardinal Signs of Inflammation was propounded by- Cornelius Celsus
• FMD virus multiplies in the ——Str.spinosum——— layer of epidermis
• Father of Immunology is- Edward Jenner
• Lamsiekte in cattle and sheep is caused by – Cl.botulinum type D.
• Vaccine strain of B.anthracis is – Aviurlent and Non capsulated
• Monsell’s suture technique is used in – Enteroanastomosis
• Ethylene oxide is a gaseous agent used for sterilization kills microorganisms by-alkylation..
• VitC is necessary for hydroxylation of proline & lysine in synthesis of -collagen
• ‘Bomb burst’ or ‘Umbrella like’ colonies are characteristic of – Listeria
• Influenza virus is typed based on Matrix and Nucleocapsid antigen
• The conversion of DHFA to THFA is blocked by- Trimethoprim
• Examples of pencillinase resistant pencillins- Methicillin and Cloxacillin
• First immunoglobulin to be synthesized in Neonates- IgM.
• ‘Abortion storms’ in sheep is caused by- Campylobacter foetus
• Vaccine strain used for prophylaxis of IBD infection-Georgia
• Which is the only benzimidazole drug that wont inhibit Fumarate reductase- mebendazole
• Name an  anthelminthic which was previously used to treat human gout- piperazine
• The experimental animal used for FMD research is – Guinea pig
• The no: of Capsomers in Adenoviruses is- 252
• The source of Vero cell line is – African Green Monkey (Kidney)
• Heat resistant ability of sporulated bacterium is due to the compound-Ca dipicholinate
• The generation of monoclonal antibodies involves-Salvage pathway
• Antibiotic which can also function as an anthelminthic agent is- Hygromycin B
• Ivermectin toxicity can be reversed by using – Picrotoxin
• Cucurbitin, an active principle in Pumpkin seed is used for the treatment for-Cestodiasis
• Name a live vaccine previously used against rabies- Flury’s LEP & HEP
• 
  
• Periarticular lymphoid sheath (PALS) is populated by T lymphocytes are seen in-Spleen
• Habel’s testing (mouse test) is done for the diagnostic assessment of- Rabies
• Most immunogenic viral polypeptide of FMD virus is – VP1
• Rabbits show genetic tolerance towards- Atropine
• The diuretic that cannot be given along with aminoglycoside antibiotics- Furosemide
• The antibiotic Gentamicin is obtained from- Micromonosporum purpureum
• Ochratoxin primarily causing renal impairment is produced by- Aspergillus ochraceus
• Name the smallest animal virus- Porcine circovirus (17-20nm)., FMDV is of 28-30nm size.
• Pyometra in bitches is caused by –E.coli
• Strawberry foot rot is caused by-Dermatophilus congolensis
• Drug of choice for mycoplasmosis- Tylosin
• ‘Tennis racket’ shaped spores are present in- Cl. chauvoei
• Psittacosis or Ornithosis in birds is caused by- Chlamydophila psittaci
• The proton pump inhibitor used to treat Zollinger-Ellison syndrome-Omeprazole
• Rabies virus (bullet shaped) belongs to the genus- Lyssa virus
• ‘Bull Nose’ in pigs is caused by- Fusobacterium necrophorus
• DNA virus that codes for reverse transcriptase enzyme- Hepadna virus
• Chronic Respiratory Disease in birds is caused by – Mycoplasma gallisepticum
• Immediate precursor of all sex steroids- Pregnenalone
• In avian tuberculosis the lesion are confined to – GI tract
• Name a commonly used AchE reactivator- Pralidoxime.
• Piperonyl butoxide is used as a synergist along with -Pyrethroids
• HVT is the vaccine strain used against- Marek’s Disease
• In B.abortus, the ratio between LPS antigens A and M is – 20:1
• Kume and Page Scheme is used for the classification of- Haemophilus
• ‘Reverse Genetics’ is nowadays used for the production of vaccine strains of – Avian flu virus
• Drug of choice against Theileriosis is -Buparvaquone
• With H&E staining the calcified tissue appears -Blue
• The toxic level of Aflatoxin in ducklings is- 0.03ppm
• Summer Mastitis in cattle is caused by -C. pyogenes
• Heart Water disease is caused by- Cowdria ruminantium
• EMJH medium is commonly used for the cultivation of -Leptospira
• Hoti’s test is used for detecting -Str. agalactiae mastitis
• Infectious Bulbar Paralysis is the synonym for- Psuedorabies
• Sulphonamides are metabolized by acetylation in ruminants and glucuronidation in canines.
• Scythe shaped spleen is seen in -Horses
• The most important symptom of anthrax in dogs is -Gastroenteritis.
• Braxy in sheep is caused by -Cl. septicum.
• The microbes that have the ability to survive pasteurization temp is -Listeria and Coxiella
• Techoic acid is present in the cell wall of – Gram + bacteria
• Route of inoculation in chicken embryos is intravenous for Blue tongue virus
• ‘Darling disease’ is caused by – Histoplasma
• New Jersey, Indiana and Trinidad are strains of – Vesicular stomatitis virus
• Diene staining is used for – Mycoplasma
• Aspergillus flavus in SDA produces-Yellowish green colonies
• Cork screw motility is shown by -Campylobacter
• Turkey coryza which is highly contagious is caused by – Bordetella avium
• Castanida and Machiavello staining are employed for detecting- Chlamydia
• The antibodies used against the Rh antigen to prevent Erythroblastosis foetalis- Rhogam
• The immunoglobulin known as ‘Reagin’- IgE
• Macrophages present in Kidney are known as- Mesangial cells
• Interleukin that suppresses the immune response is – IL-10
• Etiological agent of silage disease is – Listeria.
• Smallest living organism of individual existence- Mycoplasma
• Bacillus anthracis have medusa head like colonies in -Nutrient agar
• Clostridium perfringens type A in animals causes- Gas gangrene
• The class of immunoglobulin that first appears in primary immune response- IgM
• Polypeptide chain called secretory component is present in- IgA
• Docking in dogs can predispose to a conditon called- Perineal Hernia
• Hoflund’s syndrome is the synonym for- Vagal indigestion
• Vitamin K dependent clotting factors are- 2,7,9 and 10.
• Limber neck in poultry is caused by-  Clostridium botulinum type C
• The amino acid tryptophan act as growth promoter for the microbe- Erysepelothrix
• The most potent Aflatoxin is-  B1
• The cytolytic product of CTL cells that forms transmembrane pores in target cells- Perforins
• Autoimmune disease in which Ig’s are formed against Ach receptors- Myasthenia gravis
• World’s first veterinary school in – 1762, Lyons, Paris
• The dog breed that has genetic predisposition for skin tumor- Boxer
• Gavard’s muscle is the synonym of -Int.obl. muscle layer of stomach.
• Ventral bending (concave) of the spinal column is called- Lordosis
• A and M antigens are absent in- B.canis & B.ovis
• Foothill abortion / BEA in cattle is caused by- Chlamydophila psittaci
• The antibacterial system naturally present in milk is- Lactoperoxidase system
• Marsupialization in bitches is done usually to treat- Pyometra
• Dose of Ivermectin is – 200 micrograms/Kg body weight
• The breed of cattle which has strong predisposition for Eye Cancer- Hereford
• Male dog urinates like bitch in – Cystitis
• Knott test is done to detect Dirofilariosis in dogs

• Half life of IgG is – 20-21 days
• Benign tumor of gingiva is called – Epulis
• The drug used to contract gall bladder (cholecystokinetic)- Ceruletide
• The type of paralysis produced by the drug piperazine on worms is – flaccid
• Cart wheel shape chromatin is seen – Plasma cells
• The most abundant buffer system in plasma- bicarbonate buffer
• The  smallest animal cell has a diameter of – 2 microns
• The Fc fragment of Ig’s can be recovered by digestion with the enzyme- Papain
• Most common respiratory pathogen in canines – Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)
• Rabbit ileal loop assay is commonly done for the detection of – ET E.coli
• Haemo-lymphnodes are commonly seen in – Ruminants
• Clonal selection theory of antibody production was proposed by- Burnet
• Biphasic fever in dogs is indicative of – Canine distemper
• Ramstedt’s surgical procedure is performed to correct- Pyloric stenosis
• The immediate precursor of thrombocytes are- Megakaryocytes
• Rouleaux formation in blood smear is a common finding in – Felines
• Substance required for platelet aggregation is – Thromboxane
• The interleukin commonly referred as chemokine is – IL-8
• Rectal pinch test is done for the diagnosis of – Johne’s disease
• Surgical cat gut is often sterilized by- Isopropyl alcohol or ethylene oxide
• Giant kidney worm of Dogs is – Dioctophyme renale
• The sedimentation coefficient of IgG is 7S and IgM is 19S
• Principal metabolic pathway in RBC is- Glycolysis
• Tyzzer’s disease in foals and lab animals is caused by – Bacillus piliformis
• Avian spirochetosis is caused by – Borrelia anserina
• Colopexy is used to treat- Recurrent rectal prolapse
• Mouse ascites method is used to production of – Monoclonal antibodies
• The dog breed having genetic predisposition to cardiac hypertropy- Grey hound
• Suture technique used for uterine stump closure- Parker kerr method
• In humans MHC is referred to as HLA complex whereas in mice it is H-2 complex
• “Paple” shaped abdomen is diagnositic of – Vagus Indigestion
• Tenesmus followed by bloody dysentery in calves is characteristic of – Eimeria zuernii
• The coccidial organism commonly found in felines and canines – Isospora (Eimeria absent)
• “Slime balls” ie., cercarial aggregation  seen in- Dicrocoelium infection.
• “Grunt” on applying pressure on xiphoid region in cattle is indicative of- TRP
• Salmon poisoning in dogs caused by -Neorickettsia helmintheca
• Antibody having least half life is – IgE
• Genetically mutant mice lacking NK cells is called- Biege (Athymic mice- ‘Nude’)
• Salivary cyst found in sublingual duct is- Ranula
• Membrane bound IgM is a – Monomer
• Class II MHC restricted cells are- T helper cells
• Lyme disease is caused by –  Spirochete, Borrelia burgdoeferi,  (IH- Ixodes)
• Antidote for warfarin toxicity is – Vitamin K
• The drug that intensifies the toxic effects of Warfarin is – Phenyl Butazone
• The amino acid which is deficient in cats is – Taurine
• Complement activation is predominantly mediated by – IgM
• The compound used as gastric sedative in dogs is – Chloretone
• The receptor for co-stimulating B7 molecules on APC is- CD28
• Enteroplication is the surgical technique to correct- Intussusception
• The antibody that can exist as monomer, dimer, trimer and tetramer- IgA.
• Insulin like growth factor –I is also called as – Somatomedins
• The diuretic with Aldosterone antagonistic action is – Spironolactone
• The drug used to experimentally induce diabetes in dogs- Alloxan
• Allopurinol is the drug of choice for the treatment of – Gout
• In passive HA, chemical used to coat antigens in RBC- Tannic acid or chromium chloride.
• Infectious RNA molecule of low molecular weight comes under the category- Viroids
• Pink eye is caused by Moraxella bovis and Summer pink eye is caused by IBR virus
• ‘Dew drop’ colonies and satellite phenomenon is exhibited by- Haemophilus
• 9R is the vaccine strain of – Salmonella Gallinarum
• Glaucoma, a condition of increased intra ocular pressure is treated using- Acetazolamide
• Canrenone is the metabolite of – Spironolactone
• Kanagawa reaction is shown by – Vibrio parahaemolyticum
• SMEDI in pigs is caused by – Parvo Virus
• “White Spotted” kidney is a sequelae to – Leptospirosis and E.coli infections
• Infarcts in kidney of Swine is characteristic of – Erysipelas
• In GI tract, the antigen transport is carried out by specialized cells called- ‘M’ cells
• Infectious protein particles causing ‘Scrapie’ in sheep are called- Prions
• The penicillin which is effective against pseudomonas infection- Carbenicillin
• Burton’s line in gums is indicative of – Lead poisoning
• The drug that can replace Ivermectin in sensitive dogs- Milbemycin oxime
• Jaagsiekte “ Driving Sickness” in sheeps is caused by Retro virus
• Jaagsiekte is Pulmonary adenomatosis and Visna-Maedi (Retro) is Progressive pneumonia
• Farmer’s Lung in cattle is caused by – Micropolyspora faeni
• The virus having a unique ‘double capsid’- Reovirus
• Viral etiology of neoplasms were first reported by- Ellerman and Bang
• The group specific antigen of ALV which is commonly used for COFAL test is -p27
• Recombinant DNA technology was first developed by- Cohen and Boyer
• Ephemeral fever (3 day sickness) is caused by – Rhabdovirus
• “Facial Eczema” in cattle is caused by Pithomyces chartarum (fungus with toxin sporidesmin)
• “Gall Sickness” is the synonym for- Anaplasmosis
• Antigenic variation in avian influenza virus is largely due to- Genetic Shift
• MAB technique for producing monoclonal Ig’s was devised by- Kohler and Milstein
• Bence Jones proteins (light chains of Ig) are present in urine in -Multiple myeloma
• Rose-Waaler test is used for the detection of -Rheumatoid factor (IgM)
• The dose of Heparin used as an anticoagulant is- 10-20 IU/ml
• The media used to select the myeloma cells in MAB technique is- HAT medium
• The site present in an antibody to which an antigen binds is called- Paratope
• The vector for Reoviral Blue tongue in sheeps is- Culicoides spp
• “Pizzle rot” (Ovine Posthitis) in sheeps is caused by- Corynebacterium renale
• Gid, Sturdy, or Staggers is caused by-Coenurus cerebralis ( T. multiceps)
• The most commonly used serological test ELISA was developed by- Engvall and Perlman
• The gene for virulence in ND virus and AI virus are-Fusion gene and HA gene (respectively)
• ‘Tigroid heart’ in calves is characteristic of- FMD
• Vascularization of Cornea is known as – Pannus
• The lesion in eyes of horses due to leptospiral infection – Periodic Ophthalmia
• “Blue eye” is the synonym for- Infectious Canine Hepatitis (adenovirus)
• “Hot Spot” (pyotraumatic dermatitis) is caused by- Staphylococcus aureus & S. intermedius.
• The interleukin often referred to as B cell growth factor is- IL-6
• FMD virus belongs to the genus- Aphthovirus
• ‘Dropped Sole’ in horses is a condition due to- Chronic Laminitis
• The etiological agent of Ephemeral fever in cattle is- Rhabdovirus
• Feline pan leucopenia is caused by- Parvo virus
• Avian Influenza is caused by Influenza A virus of the family- Orthomyxoviridae
• The principal source of Interferon β is – Fibroblasts
• SAT-1,2 and 3 are types of FMDV originated from- Africa
• The interleukin responsible for class switching of IgM to IgG is – IL-4
• The animal species that serves as “ mixing vessel” for Avian and Mammalian flu is – Pig
• Disinfectant of choice against Anthrax bacilli- Gluteraldehyde (2%)
• HVT, the vaccine strain used against MDV (serotype I) belongs to- serotype III
• In birds, Avulavirus is the causative agent of – Newcastle disease
• The cell surface marker of memory T cells is- CD45RO
• In ALV infection, the tumor development is due to activation of oncogene called- c-myc
• Disinfectant of choice against FMD virus- Sodium Carbonate (4%)
• Staphylorraphy and Uranoplasty are techniques used to correct- Cleft palate
• Negri bodies for diagnosis of rabies can be detected using- Seller’s stain
• Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells is referred as – Sarcoma